Russian Classification of Economic Activities (OKVED)

OKVED 2 took effect in Russia on 1 February 2015. It is identical to NACE Rev. 2 up to the three-digit level. As documented by Russian sources, OKVED 2 has been amended 77 times since its release in 2014, most recently on 20 December 2024.

Changes Between OKVED 1 and OKVED 2

As OKVED is patterned after the European Union's NACE, the changes between OKVED 1 and OKVED 2 reflect the transition from NACE Rev 1.1 to NACE Rev. 2, particularly at the first four levels of the system. There was an increase in the number of industries at all levels of the system. At the highest level, four new sections were created in OKVED 2 combining elements from different other sections of OKVED 1. The agricultural sector was reconstituted with the creation of the new Section A (Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fisheries, and fish farming) which merged the OKVED 1 Sections A (Agriculture, hunting and forestry) and B (Fisheries and fish farming). Other new sections in OKVED 2 include Section E (Water supply; sanitation, waste collection and disposal, pollution control) and Section J (Information and communication activities). At the more detailed end of the system, there was also a substantial increase in the number of industries. In terms of organization, OKVED 2 also dropped the subsection level found in previous versions. Moreover, the creation of new sections in OKVED 2 required the recoding of items across the system.

Structure of OKVED 2

OKVED 2 is structured into six levels, as follows:

• Section: 21 Sections identified by letters A to U. Some sections also contain Subsections identified by two-digit codes.

• Class: 88 Classes identified by two-digit numeric codes (01-99).

• Subclass: 272 Identified by represented by three-digit numeric codes (01.1-99.0).

• Group: 623 Groups identified by four-digit numeric codes (01.11 - 99.00).

• Subgroup: 1257 Subgroups identified by five-digit numeric codes (01.11.1 - 96.06.9).

• Types: 683 Types identified by six-digit numeric codes (01.11.11 - 95.29.43).

The table below shows the composition of the 21 Sections of OKVED 2 (as of 20th December 2024 when it was last amended). At the five and six-digit level of OKVED 2, Section C (Manufacturing) is the most detailed with 508 Subgroups and 227 Types followed by Section G (Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles) with 240 Subgroups and 108 Types.

In adding two more levels to the NACE system, Russia's approach to adapting the NACE for local use is similar to Italy's ATECO which also has six levels. Other national systems generally add one more level to the NACE as in, for example, Germany's WZ, the Netherland's SBI, and France's NAF. Other NACE-based systems like Ukraine's KVED adopt the NACE with minimal modification. As an example, OKVED 2 separates the NACE Rev. 2 Class 01.11 (Growing of cereals - except rice -, leguminous crops and oilseeds), into three five-digit Subgroups including the Subgroup 01.11.1 (Growing of cereal crops) which is further detailed into the six-digit Types 01.11.11 (Growing of wheat); 01.11.12 (Growing of barley); 01.11.13 (Growing of rye); 01.11.14 (Growing of corn); 01.11.15 (Growing of oats); 01.11.16 (Growing of buckwheat); and 01.11.19 (Growing of other cereal crops).

Resources

• OKVED-2 (Current) - Manual (in Russian)

• OKVED-2 (Current) - Codes with titles (Excel: in Russian)

OKVED 1 operated in Russia from 2008 to 2017. It is identical to NACE Rev. 1.1 up to the two-digit (Class) level. As documented by Russian sources, OKVED 1 was amended four times between 2010 and 2012.

Changes Between OKVED and OKVED 1

The change from OKVED to OKVED 1 in Russia was done following the change in the European standard from NACE Rev. 1 to NACE Rev. 1.1 which was a relatively minor update. In OKVED 1 there was a substantial increase in the number of industries especially the most detailed levels of the system. New five-digit industries in OKVED 1 include those related to the production of key metals such as 27.45.1 (Nickel production), 27.45.2 (Titanium production), 27.45.3 (Magnesium production), 27.45.4 (Tungsten production), 27.45.5 (Molybdenum production), and 27.45.6 (Cobalt production). In the transport and communications sector, new six-digit industries were added for activities related to space travel including, among others, 63.23.61 (Maintenance and operation of ground-based space infrastructure facilities and their components), 63.23.62 (Provision of services for the transportation of space rocket components to cosmodromes and their storage, as well as for the delivery of operating crews and astronauts), 63.23.65 (Training of astronauts for work directly in outer space), 63.23.68 (Provision of services related to preparation for launch and launch of space rockets, not included in other groupings).

Structure of OKVED 1

OKVED 1 is structured into six levels, as follows:

• Section: 17 Sections identified by letters A to Q. Two sections are further subdivided into a total of 30 Subsections identified by two letters.

• Class: 62 Classes identified by two-digit numeric codes.

• Subclass: 226 Identified by represented by three-digit numeric codes.

• Group: 538 Groups identified by four-digit numeric codes.

• Subgroup: 825 Subgroups identified by five-digit numeric codes.

• Types: 423 Types identified by six-digit numeric codes.

Resources

• OKVED 1 - Manual (in Russian)

OKVED is the first edition of Russia's OKVED classification system. It is identical to the European Union's NACE Rev. 1 up to the three-digit (Subclass) level. It went into force in 2003 and was used until 2017. For a period, OKVED operated concurrently with OKVED 1 and OKVED 2.

Structure of OKVED

OKVED is structured into six levels, as follows:

• Section: 17 Sections identified by letters A to Q. Two sections are further subdivided into a total of 30 Subsections identified by two letters.

• Class: 60 Classes identified by two-digit numeric codes.

• Subclass: 222 Identified by represented by three-digit numeric codes.

• Group: 509 Groups identified by four-digit numeric codes.

• Subgroup: 738 Subgroups identified by five-digit numeric codes.

• Types: 319 Types identified by six-digit numeric codes.

Classifications Prior to OKVED

Before the introduction of OKVED, industrial classification in Russia was based on the Russian Classification of Branches of the National Economy (ОКОNKh).

Resources

• OKVED - Manual (in Russian)